Sugarcane Varieties
Historical Remarks
Historical Landmarks
Development of varieties is the central area of research since the inception of the institute in 1912. It was the first of its kind to start work on breeding varieties for sub-tropical conditions. The first commercially successful inter-specific hybrid in the world, Co 205, a hybrid between cultivated sugarcane, Saccharum officinarum and the wild grass S. spontaneum became popular in Punjab province during 1920s. Varieties such as Co 213, Co 214, Co 281, Co 285, Co 290, Co 312, etc., bred by this institute revamped sugar industry in India. From 1926, the Institute started developing varieties for tropical India as well.
The varieties developed later by this Institute such as Co 419, Co 453, Co 740, Co 997, Co 1148, Co 62175, Co 6304 and Co 6806 are some of the very successful varieties spread across the country. The variety Co 86032 notified for release in the year 2000 occupies most of the sugarcane area in tropical India at present. Recently released sub-tropical varieties such as Co 0118 and Co 0238 are gaining popularity among the farmers of Haryana, Punjab, Western UP, Uttarakhand and Bihar. Thus varieties evolved by the Institute have elevated the status of the nation from a sugar importer to the largest manufacturer of sugar in the world today. The varieties evolved at this Institute are being grown all over India and is being used as breeding stocks in 26 other countries in the world as well
Popular Varieties
Popular Varieties in different parts of India
The following Table lists varieties that are popular or gaining good recognition in Tropical and Sub-tropical India during different periods of time.
This link provides profiles of recently released varieties of sugarcane in different parts of India
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Sub-Tropical Zone |
|
| 1920 | Co 205, Co 210, Co 213, Co 214, Co 224, Co 281, Co 290 |
| 1930 | Co 205, Co 213, Co 223, Co 244, Co 281, Co 285, Co 290, Co 312, Co 313 |
| 1940 | Co 213, Co 312, Co 313, Co 331, Co 356, Co 453 |
| 1950 | Co 312, Co 313, Co 453, Co 951 |
| 1960 | Co 312, Co 975, Co 1107, Co 1148 |
| 1970 | Co 312, Co 1148, Co 1158 |
| 1980 | Co 1148, Co 1158, Co 7717, Co 7314 |
| 1990 | Co 1148, Co 89003 |
| 2000 | Co 89003, Co 98014, Co 0238, Co 0118 |
|
Tropical zone |
|
| 1920 | Co 213 |
| 1930 | Co 213, Co 243, Co 281, Co 290, Co 313 |
| 1940 | Co 213, Co 419 |
| 1950 | Co 419, Co 449, Co 527 |
| 1960 | Co 419, Co 527, Co 658, Co 740, Co 853, Co 975, Co 997 |
| 1970 | Co 419, Co 527, Co 658, Co 740, Co 975, Co 997, Co 853, Co 62175, Co 6304, Co 6806, Co 6415 |
| 1980 | Co 419, Co 740, Co 975, Co 62175,Co 6304, Co 6907, Co 7219 |
| 1990 | Co 740, Co 62175, Co 6304, Co 7219, Co 7704, Co 7527, Co 7508, Co 7504, Co 8011, Co 8014, Co 8021, Co 8208, Co 8362, Co 8371, Co 8338, Co 85004, Co 86032, Co 85019, Co 86249, Co 97009 |
| 2000 | Co 86032, Co 99004, Co 94012, Co 2001-13, Co 2001-15 |
Recent Releases (Peninsular Zone)
Digital Photos
Brief profiles of recently released sugarcane varieties by this Institute are provided in this document.Varieties for Peninsular India
Recent releases (North West)
Varieties for North-West India
Recent releases (N.E & N.C)
Varieties for North East and North Central India
Co 0232
An early maturing variety for North Eastern and North central ZoneParentage: CoLk 8102 x Co 87267
Details of the variety: Co 0232, an early maturing, water logging tolerant and red rot resistant This clone is suitable for cultivation in the North Central and North East zones comprising of Eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal and North Eastern states. This clone was identified from Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Research Centre, Motipur (presently under IISR, Lucknow) during 2002. Under water logging conditions Co 0232 performed better over the best standard CoSe 95422 with 7.63 % higher cane yield, 11.55 % higher CCS t/ha and 0.77 % higher sucrose content. It is also tolerant to early drought and top borer.
Distinguishing morphological features: Erect canes with medium height and reddish orange rind colour. Sparse leaf sheath hairiness, incipient inner auricle, green dewlap, conoidal internode shape, heavy internode waxiness, ovate bud and bud tip not touching growth ring.
Co 0233
A midlate maturing variety for North Eastern and North central ZoneParentage: CoLk 8102 x Co 775
Details of the variety: Co 0233, was identified from Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Research Centre, Motipur (presently under IISR, Lucknow). It is a selection from the cross CoLk 8102 x Co 775 and is suitable for cultivation in the North Central and North East zones. The cane and sugar yield of Co 0233 was 21.11 % and 24.62% higher over best standard CoSe 92423. This variety is high yielding, tolerant to early drought, water logging and top borer and resistant to red rot.
Distinguishing morphological features: Plant is erect. Leaf sheath has sparse hairs, crescent ligule, dentoid auricle, dark green dew lap, arched, medium wide leaf blade and leaf sheath is weak. The internode colour is purplish green. Internode thickness is medium, cylindrical, with smooth rind and medium waxiness. Bud is round of medium size, bud groove and bud cushion absent and bud tip touching the growth ring
In the pipe-line
Other promising Varieties in the pipe-line
Co 0314 - an early maturing clone for Peninsular zone Co 0314 named as Shyamala was evolved through hybridization and selection involving two high yielding and high quality proven parents viz., Co 7201 x Co 86011. It is an early maturing clone identified as Co cane in 2003 from Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore suitable for Peninsular Zone. Besides being a high yielding and good quality clone, it is moderately resistant to red rot and resistant to smut. It possesses A1 quality jaggery and 13.93 % fibre. The clone has impressive, excellent field stand, erectness, early vigorous growth, dark green foliage, tall canes growing up to 3.0m without splits. Co 0209- an early maturing clone for Peninsular zone The early maturing clone Co 0209 with the parentage Co 8353 x Co 86011, performed well across the peninsular zone for cane yield and sugar yield in comparison with CoC 671 and Co 85004. Besides being a high yielding and good quality clone, it is resistant to red rot and smut also. It possesses A1 quality jaggery and 13.93 % fibre. The clone has excellent field stand, erectness, early vigorous growth, dark green foliage, tall canes growing up to 3.0 m and without spines on the sheath.Co 06022 - an early maturing clone identified for Tamil Nadu & Pondicherry
Co 06022 is an early maturing clone selected from the cross GU 92275 X Co 86249. One of the parents in the cross is GU 92275 which is a distant hybrid between IND 90-776 and Co 775 with high yield and vigour. The clone combined the traits of both the parents and promises high yield and quality with tolerance to drought. This clone was identified from ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore during 2006 and evaluated in the Adaptive Research Trials at 18 locations in Tamil Nadu during 2014-16.